('alap 108) is rare and means to learn or teach but perhaps not in a very good way (Prov 22:25, Job 15:5, 33:33, 35:11). The identical word ('alep 109) means to produce thousands (Ps 144:13 only). Derivation (108a) means oxen (the connection lies perhaps in guidance/ couple). Many suggest that the letter reminds of the head of an ox.
(bayit 241) means house in the sense of a building, but also household; wife and children. This word also serves to mean House Of The Lord, or Temple. As preposition the letter means 'in'. As such it is the first letter of the Bible. The first word of the Bible comes from the name of the 20th letter: rosh.
(gamal 360) means to deal, or recompense in the sense of benefitting from. Derivation (gamal 360d) means camel. It is said that the letter reminds of a camel's neck.
(dala 431), draw (water). The word 
(delet 431e) specifically denotes a swinging door of a building. Since doors most commonly opened inward, this 'thing-you-draw' is named after a going out of a house, or letting someone else in.Other derivations are:
(dal 431a), door; (dala 431b), door; 
(dali 431c), bucket; (daliyot 431d), branch, bough.Because a door in Bible times hinged in the upper corner, it is said that the letter daleth reminds of that.
(he 461), meaning lo! behold! Fuerst holds to 
, and thinks it's a part of the name for heth; letter 8. As prefix this letter serves as the definite particle, the, which is used far less than our word the, and specifically when an emphasis or reference to a previous statement is made.
(waw 520) means hook or peg, and is strictly reserved for the hooks/ pegs that kept the curtains of the tabernacle in place. It is said that the shape of the letter waw reminds of a hook or peg.
does not occur in Scriptures. Klein suggests that the form of the zayin represents a hand weapon, and explains that zyn means arm, ornament, to arm, to adorn (no references to Scriptures). Fuerst goes after the assumed root 
(zwz 535) of 
(ziz 523a), moving things (like animals) and 
(mezuza 535b), doorpost. Root (zww 536)yields (ziz 536a) abundance, fullness.Another word of interest is
(zun 539), to feed.
(twh 794), spin, and renders teth to knot, knot together, to twist into each other, to interweave. The letter teth indeed looks like a little vortex or spiral.
(yad 844) denotes the hand, typically not as outstretched, but rather as holding something or being a fist. The word is synonymous with power or might; to fall in one's hands. It's typical that the alphabet's smallest letter came to mean power, but perhaps it's shape reminded of a little fist.
(kap 1022a) denotes the hand as outstretched, asking and weak. The word basically encompasses anything that is hollow or outstretched in order to receive something: dish, plate, etc.500
(lamad 1116) means learn or teach. Derivative 
(talmid 1116c) means scholar (hence Talmud), and derivative 
means oxgoad. The letter lamed is said to look like such a device, and when Jesus says to Saul, "it is hard for you to kick against the goads" (Acts 26:14) He may hint at Paul's learning rather than coercion.
(mayim 1188) means waters in the sense of a larger body (sea, ocean). It is suggested that the letter mem looks like a wave.600
means propagate, increase. Derivative 
means offspring, posterity. The letter is often said to mean and resemble a fish, but the word nun is not used as such in the Bible. In stead, the word for fish comes from another verb which means multiply, increase: 
(daga 401)700
(samak 1514) means lean upon, support, uphold. It is the verb that is used in the phrase "laying on of hands."
(ayin 1612) means eye in all regular senses, but also as means of expression (knowledge, character, etc). The word (ayin 1613) means spring or fountain. The eye is one of four bodily "fountains," the other three being mouth, skin and urethra (and only the mouth is not supposed to produce water outwardly). Transpiration releases the body of excessive heat; urine evaluates toxins, and the eye produces water commonly when grief or pain is prosessed. All have to do with cleansing or purification.
(peh 1738) means mouth, but is often synonymous with speech. With a little good will one may recognize a face with a mouth in the shape of this letter.800
(sud 1885), to hunt, and states that 
means fish hook (no Biblical occurrence). Another name for this letter is 
(saddiq 1879c), just, righteous.900
(tequpa 2001a), meaning a coming around, or circuit of space or time. Klein reports that the root verb 
(qwp 2001) covers a circular motion and that it also serves to denote the ear of an axe or needle, or the back of the head. BDB relates it to 
(naqap 1416), go around, compass. An amusing other use of this name is as (qop 2000), meaning ape (1 Ki 10:22); probably a loan word.
(rosh 2097) basically means head, but is used to indicate whatever leads or comes first: captain, summit, cap stone. Preceded by the particle beth and in the form 
(reshit 2097e), first, beginning, best, it is the first word of the Bible: 
, Breshit; In the beginning.The word
is also used to indicate a certain plant (called head) that yields poison: (rosh 2098), gall, venom. TWOTOT and BDB note that this usage is always figurative: Deut 32:32, Ps 69:21.A third usage of this word is
(resh 2138a), poverty, from the root 
(rush 2138), be poor.
(shanan 2422), sharpen, the word 
(shen 2422a) means tooth or ivory. Both the verb and the noun are used primarily in a literal sense: sharpening of swords and arrows, but sometimes figuratively: the sharpening of one's tongue (saying sharp, mean words) or the sharpening of one's mind (Deut 6:7). The noun is famous for its part in the lex talionis, the law of retaliation; a soul or a soul, an eye for an eye (16th letter), a tooth for a tooth (21st letter), a hand for a hand (10th letter), a foot for a foot, a branding for a branding, a stripe for a stripe (Ex 21:24). The letter thanks its name perhaps to its looking like a row of teeth.
(taw 2496a) means mark, and its verb 
(tawa 2496), scribble, limit, is probably derived from the noun. TWOTOT suggests that the more ancient form of this letter looked like an X, a shape which lends itself easily as a general mark. The word 
(ta'awa 2496b) means boundary (that which is marked). The verb is used only once in the meaning of pain or wound (tawa 2497) in Ps 78:41.