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            <TABLE summary="layout table" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="3" border="1">
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                  <TH><B>Meaning (TWOTOT index)</B></TH>
                  <TH>Val</TH>
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                  <TD>Aleph</TD>
                  <TD>The root <SUB><IMG src="Bible_Commentary/plaatjes/108.GIF" alt="alap"></SUB> (<I>&#39;alap</I> 108) is rare and means to learn or teach but perhaps not in a very good way (Prov 22:25, Job 15:5, 33:33, 35:11). The identical word <SUB><IMG src="Bible_Commentary/plaatjes/108.GIF" alt="alep"></SUB> (<I>&#39;alep</I> 109) means to produce thousands (Ps 144:13 only). Derivation <SUB><IMG src="Bible_Commentary/plaatjes/108.GIF" alt="aleph"></SUB> (108a) means oxen (the connection lies perhaps in guidance/ couple). Many suggest that the letter reminds of the head of an ox.</TD>
                  <TD>1</TD>
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                  <TD>Beth</TD>
                  <TD>The word <IMG src="Bible_Commentary/plaatjes/241.GIF" alt="bayit">(<I>bayit</I> 241) means house in the sense of a building, but also household; wife and children. This word also serves to mean House Of The Lord, or Temple. As preposition the letter means &#39;in&#39;. As such it is the first letter of the Bible. The first word of the Bible comes from the name of the 20th letter: <I>rosh</I>.</TD>
                  <TD>2</TD>
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                  <TD>Gimel</TD>
                  <TD>The verb <IMG src="Bible_Commentary/plaatjes/360.GIF" alt="gamal">(<I>gamal</I> 360) means to deal, or recompense in the sense of benefitting from. Derivation <IMG src="Bible_Commentary/plaatjes/360.GIF" alt="gamal"> (<I>gamal</I> 360d) means camel. It is said that the letter reminds of a camel&#39;s neck.</TD>
                  <TD>3</TD>
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                  <TD>Daleth</TD>
                  <TD>From root <IMG src="Bible_Commentary/plaatjes/431.GIF" alt="dala">(<I>dala</I> 431), draw (water). The word <IMG src="Bible_Commentary/plaatjes/431e.GIF" alt="delet"> (<I>delet</I> 431e) specifically denotes a swinging door of a building. Since doors most commonly opened inward, this &#39;thing-you-draw&#39; is named after a going out of a house, or letting someone else in.<BR>
                  Other derivations are: <IMG src="Bible_Commentary/plaatjes/431a.GIF" alt="dal"> (<I>dal</I> 431a), door; <IMG src="Bible_Commentary/plaatjes/431.GIF" alt="dala"> (<I>dala</I> 431b), door; <IMG src="Bible_Commentary/plaatjes/431c.GIF" alt="dali"> (<I>dali</I> 431c), bucket; <IMG src="Bible_Commentary/plaatjes/431e.GIF" alt="daliyot"> (<I>daliyot</I> 431d), branch, bough.<BR>
                  Because a door in Bible times hinged in the upper corner, it is said that the letter <I>daleth</I> reminds of that.</TD>
                  <TD>4</TD>
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                  <TD>He</TD>
                  <TD>The spelling and thus the meaning of this word is uncertain. Klein spells <IMG src="Bible_Commentary/plaatjes/461.GIF" alt="he">(<I>he</I> 461), meaning lo! behold! Fuerst holds to <IMG src="Bible_Commentary/plaatjes/490.GIF" alt="he">, and thinks it&#39;s a part of the name for <I>heth</I>; letter 8. As prefix this letter serves as the definite particle, <I>the</I>, which is used far less than our word the, and specifically when an emphasis or reference to a previous statement is made.</TD>
                  <TD>5</TD>
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                  <TD>Waw</TD>
                  <TD>The word <IMG src="Bible_Commentary/plaatjes/520.GIF" alt="waw">(<I>waw</I> 520) means hook or peg, and is strictly reserved for the hooks/ pegs that kept the curtains of the tabernacle in place. It is said that the shape of the letter <I>waw</I> reminds of a hook or peg.</TD>

                  <TD>6</TD>
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                  <TD>Zayin</TD>
                  <TD>Meaning debated. The word <SUB><IMG src="Bible_Commentary/plaatjes/zayinn.GIF" alt="zayin"></SUB> does not occur in Scriptures. Klein suggests that the form of the <I>zayin</I> represents a hand weapon, and explains that <I>zyn</I> means arm, ornament, to arm, to adorn (no references to Scriptures). Fuerst goes after the assumed root <IMG src="Bible_Commentary/plaatjes/535.GIF" alt="zwz"> (<I>zwz</I> 535) of <IMG src="Bible_Commentary/plaatjes/535a.GIF" alt="ziz"> (<I>ziz</I> 523a), moving things (like animals) and <IMG src="Bible_Commentary/plaatjes/535b.GIF" alt="mezuza"> (<I>mezuza</I> 535b), doorpost. Root <IMG src="Bible_Commentary/plaatjes/535.GIF" alt="zww"> (<I>zww</I> 536)yields <IMG src="Bible_Commentary/plaatjes/535a.GIF" alt="ziz"> (<I>ziz</I> 536a) abundance, fullness.<BR>
                  Another word of interest is <SUB><IMG src="Bible_Commentary/plaatjes/539.GIF" alt="zun"></SUB> (zun 539), to feed.</TD>
                  <TD>7</TD>
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                  <TD>Heth</TD>
                  <TD>Meaning again unknown. According to Fuerst it means fence in, destroy. Fuerst also thinks it has to do with a fence, but it could equally possible be the symbol of stacking stones.</TD>
                  <TD>8</TD>
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                  <TD>Teth</TD>
                  <TD>Klein derives from <IMG src="Bible_Commentary/plaatjes/794.GIF" alt="twh"> (<I>twh</I> 794), spin, and renders <I>teth</I> to knot, knot together, to twist into each other, to interweave. The letter <I>teth</I> indeed looks like a little vortex or spiral.</TD>
                  <TD>9</TD>
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                  <TD>Yod</TD>
                  <TD>One of two regular words for hand (the other being the 11th letter). <IMG src="Bible_Commentary/plaatjes/844.GIF" alt="yad"> (<I>yad</I> 844) denotes the hand, typically not as outstretched, but rather as holding something or being a fist. The word is synonymous with power or might; to fall in one&#39;s hands. It&#39;s typical that the alphabet&#39;s smallest letter came to mean power, but perhaps it&#39;s shape reminded of a little fist.</TD>
                  <TD>10</TD>
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                  <TD>Kaph</TD>
                  <TD>One of two regular words for hand (the other being the 10th letter). <SUB><IMG src="Bible_Commentary/plaatjes/1022a.GIF" alt="kap"></SUB> (<I>kap</I> 1022a) denotes the hand as outstretched, asking and weak. The word basically encompasses anything that is hollow or outstretched in order to receive something: dish, plate, etc.</TD>
                  <TD>20<BR>
                  500</TD>
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                  <TD>Lamed</TD>
                  <TD>The verb <IMG src="Bible_Commentary/plaatjes/1116.GIF" alt="lamad">(<I>lamad</I> 1116) means learn or teach. Derivative <IMG src="Bible_Commentary/plaatjes/1116c.GIF" alt="talmid"> (<I>talmid</I> 1116c) means scholar (hence Talmud), and derivative <IMG src="Bible_Commentary/plaatjes/1116b.GIF" alt="lamad"> means oxgoad. The letter <I>lamed</I> is said to look like such a device, and when Jesus says to Saul, &quot;it is hard for you to kick against the goads&quot; (Acts 26:14) He may hint at Paul&#39;s learning rather than coercion.</TD>
                  <TD>30</TD>
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                  <TD>Mem</TD>
                  <TD><IMG src="Bible_Commentary/plaatjes/1188.GIF" alt="mayim"> (<I>mayim</I> 1188) means waters in the sense of a larger body (sea, ocean). It is suggested that the letter <I>mem</I> looks like a wave.</TD>
                  <TD>40<BR>
                  600</TD>
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                  <TD>Nun</TD>

                  <TD>The verb <SUB><IMG src="Bible_Commentary/plaatjes/1326.GIF" alt="nun"></SUB> means propagate, increase. Derivative <SUB><IMG src="Bible_Commentary/plaatjes/1326a.GIF" alt="nun"></SUB> means offspring, posterity. The letter is often said to mean and resemble a fish, but the word <I>nun</I> is not used as such in the Bible. In stead, the word for fish comes from another verb which means multiply, increase: <IMG src="Bible_Commentary/plaatjes/401.GIF" alt="daga">(<I>daga</I> 401)</TD>
                  <TD>50<BR>
                  700</TD>
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                  <TD>Samekh</TD>
                  <TD>The verb <SUB><IMG src="Bible_Commentary/plaatjes/1514.GIF" alt="samak"></SUB> (<I>samak</I> 1514) means lean upon, support, uphold. It is the verb that is used in the phrase &quot;laying on of hands.&quot;</TD>
                  <TD>60</TD>
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                  <TD>Ayin</TD>
                  <TD>The word <SUB><IMG src="Bible_Commentary/plaatjes/1612.GIF" alt="ayin"></SUB> (<I>ayin</I> 1612) means eye in all regular senses, but also as means of expression (knowledge, character, etc). The word <SUB><IMG src="Bible_Commentary/plaatjes/1612.GIF" alt="ayin"></SUB> (<I>ayin</I> 1613) means spring or fountain. The eye is one of four bodily &quot;fountains,&quot; the other three being mouth, skin and urethra (and only the mouth is not supposed to produce water outwardly). Transpiration releases the body of excessive heat; urine evaluates toxins, and the eye produces water commonly when grief or pain is prosessed. All have to do with cleansing or purification.</TD>
                  <TD>70</TD>
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                  <TD>Pe</TD>
                  <TD>The word <IMG src="Bible_Commentary/plaatjes/1738.GIF" alt="peh">(<I>peh</I> 1738) means mouth, but is often synonymous with speech. With a little good will one may recognize a face with a mouth in the shape of this letter.</TD>
                  <TD>80<BR>
                  800</TD>
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                  <TD>Tsadhe</TD>
                  <TD>Klein derives from the verb <IMG src="Bible_Commentary/plaatjes/1885.GIF" alt="sud"> (<I>sud</I> 1885), to hunt, and states that <IMG src="Bible_Commentary/plaatjes/tsadehh.GIF" alt="tsadeh"> means fish hook (no Biblical occurrence). Another name for this letter is <SUB><IMG src="Bible_Commentary/plaatjes/1879c.GIF" alt="saddiq"></SUB> (<I>saddiq</I> 1879c), just, righteous.</TD>
                  <TD>90<BR>
                  900</TD>
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                  <TD>Qoph</TD>
                  <TD>This word occurs in Scriptures only as <SUB><IMG src="Bible_Commentary/plaatjes/2001a.GIF" alt="tequpa"></SUB> (<I>tequpa</I> 2001a), meaning a coming around, or circuit of space or time. Klein reports that the root verb <SUB><IMG src="Bible_Commentary/plaatjes/2001.GIF" alt="qwp"></SUB> (<I>qwp</I> 2001) covers a circular motion and that it also serves to denote the ear of an axe or needle, or the back of the head. BDB relates it to <SUB><IMG src="Bible_Commentary/plaatjes/1416.GIF" alt="naqap"></SUB> (naqap 1416), go around, compass. An amusing other use of this name is as <SUB><IMG src="Bible_Commentary/plaatjes/2001.GIF" alt="qop"></SUB> (<I>qop</I> 2000), meaning ape (1 Ki 10:22); probably a loan word.</TD>
                  <TD>100</TD>
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                  <TD>Resh</TD>
                  <TD>The very common word <IMG src="Bible_Commentary/plaatjes/2097.GIF" alt="rosh"> (<I>rosh</I> 2097) basically means head, but is used to indicate whatever leads or comes first: captain, summit, cap stone. Preceded by the particle <I>beth</I> and in the form <IMG src="Bible_Commentary/plaatjes/2097e.GIF" alt="reshit"> (<I>reshit</I> 2097e), first, beginning, best, it is the first word of the Bible: <IMG src="Bible_Commentary/plaatjes/breshit.GIF" alt="breshit">, <I>Breshit</I>; In the beginning.<BR>
                  The word <IMG src="Bible_Commentary/plaatjes/2097.GIF" alt="rosh"> is also used to indicate a certain plant (called head) that yields poison: (<I>rosh</I> 2098), gall, venom. TWOTOT and BDB note that this usage is always figurative: Deut 32:32, Ps 69:21.<BR>
                  A third usage of this word is <IMG src="Bible_Commentary/plaatjes/2097.GIF" alt="resh"> (<I>resh</I> 2138a), poverty, from the root <IMG src="Bible_Commentary/plaatjes/2138.GIF" alt="rush"> (<I>rush</I> 2138), be poor.</TD>
                  <TD>200</TD>
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                  <TD>Sin<BR>
                  <TD>As derivation from the verb <SUB><IMG src="Bible_Commentary/plaatjes/2422.GIF" alt="shanan"></SUB> (<I>shanan</I> 2422), sharpen, the word <SUB><IMG src="Bible_Commentary/plaatjes/2422a.GIF" alt="shen"></SUB> (<I>shen</I> 2422a) means tooth or ivory. Both the verb and the noun are used primarily in a literal sense: sharpening of swords and arrows, but sometimes figuratively: the sharpening of one&#39;s tongue (saying sharp, mean words) or the sharpening of one&#39;s mind (Deut 6:7). The noun is famous for its part in the <I>lex talionis</I>, the law of retaliation; a soul or a soul, an eye for an eye (16th letter), a tooth for a tooth (21st letter), a hand for a hand (10th letter), a foot for a foot, a branding for a branding, a stripe for a stripe (Ex 21:24). The letter thanks its name perhaps to its looking like a row of teeth.</TD>
                  <TD>300</TD>
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                  <TD>Taw</TD>
                  <TD><IMG src="Bible_Commentary/plaatjes/2496a.GIF" alt="taw"> (<I>taw</I> 2496a) means mark, and its verb <IMG src="Bible_Commentary/plaatjes/2496.GIF" alt="tawa"> (<I>tawa</I> 2496), scribble, limit, is probably derived from the noun. TWOTOT suggests that the more ancient form of this letter looked like an X, a shape which lends itself easily as a general mark. The word <IMG src="Bible_Commentary/plaatjes/2496b.GIF" alt="taawa">(<I>ta&#39;awa</I> 2496b) means boundary (that which is marked). The verb <IMG src="Bible_Commentary/plaatjes/2496.GIF" alt="tawa"> is used only once in the meaning of pain or wound (<I>tawa</I> 2497) in Ps 78:41.</TD>
                  <TD>400</TD>
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